Cholera is an acute diarrheal infection caused by ingesting food or water contaminated with the bacterium *Vibrio cholerae*. The disease is characterized by severe diarrhea and dehydration.

Cholera is more common in underdeveloped countries lacking adequate sanitation and clean water sources. While it is virtually eradicated in industrialized nations with modern sewage and water treatment infrastructure, it persists in less developed countries such as those in Africa, Southeast Asia, and Haiti. Prevention relies on access to clean water sources, good personal hygiene, and careful attention to food and drink in areas with poor sanitation.

Common symptoms of cholera are diarrhea and dehydration. Dehydration refers to the loss of bodily fluids. Rarely, and typically in severe cases, shock and seizures can occur. Severe dehydration from watery diarrhea can be fatal, making prompt medical treatment crucial. Treatment for cholera includes rehydration, intravenous fluids, and antibiotics.