Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is a chronic disease where the body's immune system attacks the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas, resulting in insufficient or no insulin production. This necessitates insulin supplementation. Type 1 diabetes typically presents in childhood and adolescence.

When the body lacks sufficient insulin, excess sugar accumulates in the blood, causing hyperglycemia (high blood sugar). The body is unable to use food for energy, and untreated, type 1 diabetes carries serious risks. There is no known cure for type 1 diabetes; however, it is a manageable condition controlled through insulin therapy, medication, diet, and lifestyle modifications.