Low albumin (hypoalbuminemia) is a condition defined by an albumin protein level below 3.4 g/dL in blood tests. Albumin is a vital protein that plays a critical role in retaining fluid within blood vessels. A low level of this protein may indicate an underlying health issue in organs such as the liver and kidneys.

In hypoalbuminemia, protein molecules in the blood plasma leak out of the blood vessels, leading to the formation of edema in the body. This condition manifests as swelling and edema, particularly in the hands, ankles, face, legs, and eyelids.

The main causes of low albumin include:
* Insufficient albumin synthesis in the liver (cirrhosis, hepatitis, liver diseases)
* Excessive albumin loss (nephrotic syndrome, burns, traumas, hemorrhages, diarrhea)
* Alcohol consumption
* Diabetes
* Stomach ulcers
* Chronic and rheumatic diseases
* Hypothyroidism
* Prolonged bed rest
* Nutritional disorders
* Hypoadrenalism
* Growth hormone disorders
* Thyroid diseases (especially in cases of increased albumin breakdown)
* Preeclampsia (pregnancy poisoning)
* Cushing's disease

Symptoms of low albumin may include:
* Edema and swelling in various parts of the body
* Sudden weight and appetite loss
* Fatigue
* Nausea and vomiting
* Abdominal pain
* Difficulty breathing
* Frequent nighttime urination
* Sexual dysfunction
* Itching
* Fever
* Bruising on the body
* Changes in urine and stool color