Epilepsy, commonly known as 'sara hastalığı' (falling sickness), is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in the brain's nerve cells, which can manifest as various symptoms, including altered consciousness, involuntary movements, or sensory disturbances. A diagnosis of epilepsy is typically considered after an individual experiences two or more unprovoked seizures. While genetic factors are thought to play a role in susceptibility, epilepsy is not considered a hereditary disease passed directly from parents to children in most cases. However, a predisposition to developing epilepsy can run in certain families. The development of epilepsy often involves a combination of genetic vulnerabilities and external triggers or underlying conditions. Although epilepsy is often a lifelong condition, its seizures can be effectively managed through various treatments, including medication, advanced technological devices, surgical interventions when appropriate, and dietary modifications. The primary goal of treatment is to control seizures and improve the patient's quality of life.