An exercise stress test (or effort test) is a medical examination performed to assess how the heart responds and functions under physical stress. During this test, heart rhythm, blood pressure, and respiration are closely monitored. The fundamental principle of the test is to reveal cardiac functional abnormalities or potential issues that may not be apparent at rest, by applying a controlled physical workload. Throughout the procedure, while the heart's performance under increased workload is observed, the patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) is continuously monitored and recorded at regular intervals to detect any potential heart muscle problems. This exercise process is mostly carried out on a treadmill in healthcare facilities.