Colonoscopy is a medical endoscopic procedure that allows for the detailed examination of the large intestine and rectum. During this procedure, a flexible tube (colonoscope) with a light and camera at its tip is gently advanced through the anus to visualize the inner surface of the bowel. Colonoscopy can be used for diagnostic purposes, such as detecting suspicious lesions, as well as for therapeutic interventions, such as removing polyps or taking biopsies.