Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by the permanent, abnormal widening and thickening of the airways (bronchi) in the lungs. It commonly results from severe lung infections but can also be congenital. The primary factors contributing to the development of bronchiectasis include:
* Infections: Severe lung infections such as whooping cough (pertussis), pneumonia, and tuberculosis.
* Airway Obstructions: Blockages in the airways due to foreign bodies, tumors, or mucus plugs. Conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) can also increase the risk.
* Systemic and Immunological Diseases: Conditions such as cystic fibrosis, autoimmune diseases (rheumatic and connective tissue disorders), HIV, diabetes, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis.
* Other Causes: Rarer factors like fibrosis in lung tissue and various genetic syndromes can also lead to bronchiectasis.