Children represent the highest risk group for pinworm (Enterobius vermicularis) infection. Due to its highly contagious nature, close contacts of an infected child, including family members, caregivers, friends, and schoolmates, are also at significant risk. The ease of transmission also contributes to the widespread prevalence of pinworms in crowded or institutional living environments.

Key risk factors include:
* Inadequate hand hygiene, particularly after using the toilet and before eating.
* Direct or indirect contact with infected individuals or contaminated surfaces and objects (e.g., bedding, clothing, shared items).
* Oral habits such as nail-biting or thumb-sucking, which can facilitate self-reinfection.
* Living in close quarters or institutional settings.