Congenital penile smallness, commonly referred to as micropenis, often stems from fetal endocrine deficiencies. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, characterized by low levels of male gonadal hormones, is a frequent cause. Micropenis can also be associated with various genetic syndromes or develop from idiopathic origins.
Acquired penile shortening, distinct from congenital cases, can be linked to specific medical conditions, surgical interventions, and certain congenital anomalies. This phenomenon may be observed in conditions like Peyronie's disease, following surgical procedures such as radical prostatectomy (often performed for prostate cancer), or due to specific congenital malformations.