Esophageal (gullet) diseases encompass a wide range of conditions and can present with various clinical pictures. These diseases include tumors affecting the neck, intrathoracic esophagus, and gastric inlet; pouches formed in the esophagus such as Zenker's, midthoracic, and epiphrenic diverticula; large hiatal hernias and conditions where more than a third of the stomach is located within the chest cavity. Furthermore, functional disorders like achalasia, esophageal spasm, and other motility disorders; as well as structural damages such as strictures, burns, ruptures, and tracheoesophageal fistula, are also common esophageal pathologies.