A cataract is a condition where the eye's natural lens loses its transparency and becomes cloudy. Located behind the pupil and iris, the natural lens is responsible for focusing light onto the retina. Cataracts typically develop due to the accumulation of proteins in the lens, often associated with aging.

This condition progressively impairs vision. Common symptoms include blurred or hazy vision, sensitivity to light, difficulty seeing at night, faded colors, and seeing halos around light sources. If left untreated, cataracts can significantly impact the quality of life and ultimately lead to blindness.

The effective treatment for cataracts is surgical intervention. In this operation, the cloudy lens is removed using specialized methods, and a clear, artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is implanted in its place.