Smart drug and targeted therapy refer to oral tablet treatments administered to suitable patients following comprehensive pathological examination, particularly for non-small cell lung cancer. This therapy is not appropriate for small cell and squamous cell lung cancers. Global treatment guidelines recommend smart therapies as the first-line treatment for patients with advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer, provided their pathology reports are suitable. Advanced pathological examinations, such as the EGFR mutation test and ALK fusion test, are performed for these therapies. While the probability of positive results for these tests is higher in never-smokers, approximately 20% of smokers may also test positive for one of these tests. This indicates that one in five patients has the potential to benefit from these treatments, a rate that should not be overlooked.