Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) is an eye disease primarily affecting premature infants, typically those born before 32 weeks of gestation or weighing less than 1500 grams. ROP involves abnormal blood vessel development in the avascular areas of the retina in the eyes of premature babies, which can lead to nerve damage, retinal detachment, and ultimately vision loss. It is a leading cause of preventable childhood blindness worldwide.