Colitis is a disease characterized by acute or chronic inflammation of the inner lining of the large intestine (colon), where digested food forms stool. This inflammation can lead to irritation, swelling in the colon, and the formation of ulcers (sores) on its inner lining. Colitis, particularly its most common form, ulcerative colitis, can significantly affect an individual's quality of life and requires continuous medical follow-up.
Colitis often arises from infections in the large intestine caused by viruses, harmful bacteria, or parasites. It can also manifest as a result of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Reduced blood flow to the colon and allergic reactions can also trigger the development of colitis.
The most common symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, anemia, weight loss due to loss of appetite, and blood in the stool. Treatment generally aims to address the underlying cause and manage symptoms; this may involve eliminating infections or using medications to control inflammation.