Lung collapse rarely results in fatal consequences. In pneumothorax-type lung collapse, if a large amount of air accumulates around the lung due to the rupture of the surrounding sac, it can create pressure on the heart and lungs. This can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure. This condition, called pneumothorax, is more commonly seen in hospitalized patients on ventilators for respiratory support.

In atelectasis-type lung collapse, complete lung collapse can be life-threatening, although this is a very rare occurrence.