Treatment for pericardial effusion varies depending on the severity of the effusion and its underlying cause. Particularly when the effusion progresses or affects heart function, drainage of the accumulated fluid may become necessary. The main treatment methods applied for pericardial effusion are: Pericardiocentesis: Removal of excess fluid accumulated in the sac around the heart using a needle. Surgical Drainage: Surgical removal of excess fluid or an operation targeting the underlying cause of the effusion. Percutaneous Balloon Pericardiotomy: A procedure to create an opening in the pericardium to prevent recurrent effusions. Emergency Thoracotomy: An open surgical procedure performed in life-threatening situations for urgent access to the heart and drainage of pericardial fluid.