The diagnosis of an Aneurysmal Bone Cyst (ABC) begins with a comprehensive evaluation of factors such as the patient's clinical complaints, age, and the affected bone region. Direct radiographs often show thinning and slight expansion of the bone; however, in early stages, these findings may not be prominent and can be overlooked.
In cases of clinical suspicion or fracture, Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis by revealing the bone damage, edema, and cystic structure in detail. In addition to MR, Computed Tomography (CT) examination provides clearer visualization of bone damage and potential fractures.
After preliminary diagnoses for possible ABC or similar tumors are determined, it is essential that all these findings are evaluated by a multidisciplinary tumor board comprising specialists in orthopedics and traumatology, radiology, pathology, and oncology.
A definitive diagnosis can only be established through biopsy. This procedure involves obtaining tumor tissue samples from different areas within the bone using special biopsy needles under mild sedation, followed by histopathological examination.
Following biopsy, it is crucial to establish a definitive diagnosis as soon as possible and to plan and implement appropriate surgical treatment.