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Stem cells can be obtained from various sources, including embryonic tissues and adult tissues such as bone marrow and adipose (fat) tissue. Adipose tissue offers significant advantages as a stem cell source, particularly due to the abundance of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), their ease of collection, isolation, and proliferation compared to bone marrow.
The process of obtaining stem cells from adipose tissue is generally less invasive and causes minimal discomfort to patients. ADSCs also exhibit a robust structure and possess a superior proliferation capacity, often exceeding that of bone marrow-derived cells. Their ability to differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including vascular cells, makes them highly valuable. Furthermore, their easy accessibility and low immunogenicity (lack of immune-stimulating substances) make them an ideal candidate for regenerative medicine applications.
The collection procedure involves carefully identifying donor sites, most commonly the outer thigh, buttocks, and abdominal regions. Under local anesthesia, approximately 30 ml of fat is aspirated using specialized syringes. The collected material is then washed two to three times with sterile saline solution, sealed, and allowed to settle for 30 minutes. After discarding the supernatant, the concentrated fat (pellet) containing the stem cells is sealed in injectors and sent to a sterile laboratory for further processing.
In the laboratory, ADSCs are isolated, proliferated in suitable media, and stored. When required, these cultured stem cells can be injected into appropriate sites. Specifically, ADSCs, especially those separated with collagenase enzyme, have demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes (fat cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), osteocytes (bone cells), skeletal muscle cells, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells), and smooth muscle tissue cells, underscoring their broad therapeutic potential.
How are stem cells obtained?
The process of obtaining stem cells from adipose tissue is generally less invasive and causes minimal discomfort to patients. ADSCs also exhibit a robust structure and possess a superior proliferation capacity, often exceeding that of bone marrow-derived cells. Their ability to differentiate into a wide range of cell types, including vascular cells, makes them highly valuable. Furthermore, their easy accessibility and low immunogenicity (lack of immune-stimulating substances) make them an ideal candidate for regenerative medicine applications.
The collection procedure involves carefully identifying donor sites, most commonly the outer thigh, buttocks, and abdominal regions. Under local anesthesia, approximately 30 ml of fat is aspirated using specialized syringes. The collected material is then washed two to three times with sterile saline solution, sealed, and allowed to settle for 30 minutes. After discarding the supernatant, the concentrated fat (pellet) containing the stem cells is sealed in injectors and sent to a sterile laboratory for further processing.
In the laboratory, ADSCs are isolated, proliferated in suitable media, and stored. When required, these cultured stem cells can be injected into appropriate sites. Specifically, ADSCs, especially those separated with collagenase enzyme, have demonstrated the capacity to differentiate into various cell types, including adipocytes (fat cells), chondrocytes (cartilage cells), osteocytes (bone cells), skeletal muscle cells, neuronal cells, endothelial cells, cardiomyocytes (heart muscle cells), and smooth muscle tissue cells, underscoring their broad therapeutic potential.