Heart valve diseases encompass various pathologies such as valve narrowing (stenosis), insufficiency (regurgitation/leakage), or prolapse. These conditions are commonly referred to by different terms like heart valve thickening, calcification, collapse, or laxity. In their initial stages, they typically manifest with symptoms like easy fatigue and shortness of breath that occur during physical exertion. As the disease progresses, these complaints can also appear at rest. In some patients, there are no symptoms, but the condition may be suspected during a routine doctor's examination due to a heart murmur. The definitive diagnosis of heart valve diseases is established through advanced imaging techniques like echocardiography and, when necessary, invasive procedures such as cardiac catheterization.