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The treatment for an aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) varies depending on the affected bone and the extent of bone damage.
Surgical Excision:
If the tumor is localized within a bone and can be completely removed surgically, total excision is performed. However, there is a risk of microscopic tumor cells remaining, which can lead to recurrence.
Adjuvant Therapy (e.g., Liquid Nitrogen Treatment):
To prevent recurrence, adjuvant chemical therapies such as liquid nitrogen, phenol, or alcohol are used to eradicate any unseen tumor cells. In liquid nitrogen treatment, the affected area within the bone is sprayed, rapidly lowering the temperature to approximately -180°C and then returning it to room temperature. This freeze-thaw cycle destroys tumor cells. After ensuring the complete eradication of ABC tumor cells, the resulting cavity is filled with a bone graft or a specialized chemical compound known as bone cement. Bone cement is particularly beneficial as it provides mechanical stability and helps prevent tumor recurrence.
Bone Resection and Grafting:
In cases where an aneurysmal bone cyst affects smaller bones and has caused significant bone destruction, the entire affected bone may be removed and replaced with a bone transplant (graft) to achieve successful treatment.
How is aneurysmal bone cyst treated?
Surgical Excision:
If the tumor is localized within a bone and can be completely removed surgically, total excision is performed. However, there is a risk of microscopic tumor cells remaining, which can lead to recurrence.
Adjuvant Therapy (e.g., Liquid Nitrogen Treatment):
To prevent recurrence, adjuvant chemical therapies such as liquid nitrogen, phenol, or alcohol are used to eradicate any unseen tumor cells. In liquid nitrogen treatment, the affected area within the bone is sprayed, rapidly lowering the temperature to approximately -180°C and then returning it to room temperature. This freeze-thaw cycle destroys tumor cells. After ensuring the complete eradication of ABC tumor cells, the resulting cavity is filled with a bone graft or a specialized chemical compound known as bone cement. Bone cement is particularly beneficial as it provides mechanical stability and helps prevent tumor recurrence.
Bone Resection and Grafting:
In cases where an aneurysmal bone cyst affects smaller bones and has caused significant bone destruction, the entire affected bone may be removed and replaced with a bone transplant (graft) to achieve successful treatment.