A perianal fistula is a condition that develops as a result of an infection and abscess formation in the anal region. Three main diseases frequently observed in the anal region are hemorrhoids, anal fissure, and perianal fistula. Anal fissure and perianal fistula are often confused by the public due to their phonetic similarities. An anal fissure is a small tear in the skin of the anus, usually caused by straining during defecation, and is often temporary. In contrast, a perianal fistula results from an infection of the anal glands (cryptoglandular abscess). This condition is an abnormal tunnel or tract that forms between the infected anal gland and the surface of the anal skin. The resulting abscess may drain spontaneously, causing a continuous discharge of pus, or it may be drained by a specialist when a patient seeks medical attention due to severe pain.