Knee osteoarthritis, medically known as knee osteoarthritis, is a degenerative condition that develops as a result of the gradual wear and tear and damage to the cartilage in the knee joint. In this process, the smooth cartilage tissue covering the joint surfaces of the thigh bone (femur), shin bone (tibia), and kneecap (patella) thins, its surface deteriorates, and it may even disappear completely. As the cartilage loses its protective function, the bones begin to rub against each other. This leads to symptoms such as pain, swelling, stiffness, and restricted movement in the knee. In advanced stages of the disease, the joint space narrows, and severe pain and loss of function can occur due to direct bone-on-bone contact.