Colonoscopy is an important endoscopic procedure performed for the diagnosis of various digestive system disorders, colorectal cancer screening, and polyp surveillance. The main reasons for its application are as follows:

* For Diagnostic Purposes: Colonoscopy is performed to investigate and diagnose the cause of the following symptoms or conditions:
* Persistent abdominal pain
* Rectal bleeding
* Chronic constipation
* Unexplained anemia or iron deficiency
* Chronic diarrhea
* Suspicion of cancer
* Unexplained weight loss

* Colorectal Cancer Screening: Even without specific complaints, colonoscopy is an important screening method for the early diagnosis of colon and rectal cancer. It is generally recommended every 5 years for individuals aged 50 and over. For individuals with a family history of colorectal cancer, the screening frequency and starting age may vary.

* Polyp Surveillance and Removal: For individuals who have previously had intestinal polyps detected, periodic follow-up with colonoscopy is necessary. Early detection and removal of polyps during colonoscopy play a critical role in preventing the development of colorectal cancer.