Epilepsy is diagnosed in patients who experience two or more unprovoked seizures (seizures occurring in the absence of fever or other acute reversible causes). While the clinical presentation of recurrent unprovoked seizures is the primary basis for diagnosis, further investigations are essential for guiding treatment and identifying the underlying etiology. These typically include electroencephalography (EEG) to evaluate brain electrical activity. Additionally, a physician may deem it necessary to perform brain computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to investigate potential structural causes of seizures. In specific circumstances, such as a family history of epilepsy, consanguineous parents, unique physical features, or other significant findings upon examination, specialized blood and urine tests may also be warranted.