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The most effective way to detect colorectal cancer early is through regular endoscopic examinations, primarily colonoscopy. Colonoscopy can detect existing tumors at an early stage and identify precancerous polyps and other issues, preventing cancer development. Individuals over 50 are recommended to undergo colonoscopic examinations every 2-5 years, depending on their risk factors, personal health history, and family history.
Diagnosis of colon cancer is made by specialists using several tests. After a patient consults a doctor and undergoes a physical examination, the following tests may be performed:
* **Fecal occult blood test:** A simple test where a small stool sample is analyzed in a laboratory.
* **Radiological examinations:** Double-contrast barium enema and computed tomography (CT) scan.
* **Laboratory tests:** Complete blood count and biochemical tests. CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) testing is one test that can detect elevated levels in the blood, aiding in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
* **Endoscopic examinations for definitive diagnosis:** Rectoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and biopsy. A sample of the lesion is taken and examined by a pathologist.
If a person has a family history of colorectal cancer diagnosed before age 50, they should undergo colonoscopy starting at age 40, with repeat examinations every 5 years. An annual fecal occult blood test is also crucial for detection and early diagnosis. If there is no family history of colorectal cancer, regular colonoscopy every 5 years starting at age 50 is appropriate.
How is Colon (Bowel) Cancer Diagnosed?
Diagnosis of colon cancer is made by specialists using several tests. After a patient consults a doctor and undergoes a physical examination, the following tests may be performed:
* **Fecal occult blood test:** A simple test where a small stool sample is analyzed in a laboratory.
* **Radiological examinations:** Double-contrast barium enema and computed tomography (CT) scan.
* **Laboratory tests:** Complete blood count and biochemical tests. CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) testing is one test that can detect elevated levels in the blood, aiding in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
* **Endoscopic examinations for definitive diagnosis:** Rectoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and biopsy. A sample of the lesion is taken and examined by a pathologist.
If a person has a family history of colorectal cancer diagnosed before age 50, they should undergo colonoscopy starting at age 40, with repeat examinations every 5 years. An annual fecal occult blood test is also crucial for detection and early diagnosis. If there is no family history of colorectal cancer, regular colonoscopy every 5 years starting at age 50 is appropriate.